13 Kasım 2007 Salı

Кызыл Куле,Red Tower,Kızılkule







Antalya'nın ilçesi Alanya'da bulunan Alanya Kalesi ile kentin simgelerinden biri olan kule.
Kızıl Kule, Alanya Limanı'ndadır. Kentin sembolü olan sekizgen planlı yapı 13. yüzyıl Selçuklu eseridir. 1226 yılında Selçuklu Sultanı I. Alaeddin Keykubad tarafından Sinop Kalesi'ni yapan Halepli yapı ustası Ebu Ali Reha el Kettani'ye yaptırılmıştır.
İnşaat sırasında belli bir yükseklikten sonra taş blokları kaldırmak güç olduğu için üst kısmı pişmiş kırmızı tuğlalarla yapılmış ve bu nedenle Kızılkule adını almıştır. Kule duvarlarında antik çağdan kalma mermer bloklar görülmektedir. Sekizgen planlı ve her bir duvarı 12.5 metre genişliğinde olan kulenin yüksekliği 33 metre, çapı 29 metredir. İçinde zemin dahil beş kat vardır. Kulenin üstüne yüksek aralıklı ve 85 basamaklı taş merdivenle çıkılır. Kulenin tepeden aldığı güneş ışığı birinci kata kadar ulaşır. Kulenin ortasında bir sarnıç bulunur.
Kule denizden gelecek saldırılara karşı limanı ve tersaneyi korumak amacıyla yapılmış ve yüzyıllar boyunca askeri amaçla kullanılmıştır. 1950'li yıllarda onarılan kule 1979 yılında ziyarete açılarak birinci katı Alanya Etnografya Müzesi'ne dönüştürülmüştür.
Kızıl kule bir dönem tedavülde olan 250.000 TL'lik banknotların arka yüzünde kullanılmıştır.



















Red Tower
is a main tourist attraction in the Turkish city of Alanya. The building is considered to be the symbol of the city, and is even used on the city's flag. Construction of the building began in the beginning of the reign of the Anatolian Seljuk Sultan Ala ad-Din Kay Qubadh I and was completed in 1226. The sultan brought the accomplished architect Ebu Ali Reha from Aleppo, Syria to Alanya to complete the building.The name derives from the more red color brick he used in its construction.So well-made was it that it remains one of the finest examples of medieval military architecture. Though more preservation has gone into the building, it clearly is the best preserved Seljuk building in the city. The octagonal red brick tower protects the Tersane (arsenal) which dates from 1221. The building itself is 33 meters high and 12.5 meters wide.Like many buildings in the city, the Tower flies a Turkish Flag from its crenelations.
In 1979 The city opened the Ethnographic Museum of Alanya inside of the tower.






История
Строительство башни началось в начале правления сельджукского султана Анатолии Ала-ад-дина Кей-Кубада I и было окончено в 1226 году. Султан пригласил в Аланью архитектора Эбу Али Реха эль-Кеттани (Ebu Ali Reha el Kettani) из Алеппо (Сирия) для возведения здания.[1] Башня получила своё название благодаря красному цвету кирпича, который он использовал в строительстве. В течение многих веков башня защищала порт и доки от нападения с моря. Строение возведено настолько качественно, что до сих пор остаётся одним из лучших примеров средневековой военной архитектуры. Несмотря на проведённую в 1950-е годы реставрацию здания, это самое сохранившееся сельджукское здание города. Башня была открыта для посетителей в 1979 году.

Архитектура
Восьмиугольная башня из красного кирпича защищает Терсане (Tersane — арсенал), который датируется 1221 годом. Высота сооружения — 33 метра, диаметр — 29 метров, длина каждой стены — 12,5 метров. В башне 5 этажей. По высоким каменным ступеням (всего их 85) можно подняться на самый верх. Падающий сверху солнечный свет достигает первого этажа. Посередине башни расположен резервуар. Подобно многим зданиям города, над зубчатыми стенами башни развевается турецкий флаг.

Этнографический музей
В 1979 году муниципалитет открыл на первом этаже башни этнографический музей Аланьи.Помимо рассказа об истории башни и города музей уделяет внимание геральдике, в частности — сельджукскому двухглавому орлу, который изображён на флаге. Вход в здание открыт с 8-00 до 12-00 утра и с 13-30 до 17:30 после обеда, по понедельникам выходной . В башню и в музей можно пройти по одному билету стоимостью от 3 до 5 лир (YTL).Besides providing visitors with a history of the tower and town, the museum gives attention to the heraldry, in particular the Seljuk double headed eagle that graces the flag. The building is open from 8:00-12:00 in the morning and 1:30-5:30 in the afternoon, and is closed on Mondays. Admission to the tower and the museum is on one ticket, and costs between 3 and 5 YTL.

Korsanlar Mağarası

Korsanlar Mağarası


Antalya'nın Alanya ilçesinde bulunan bir mağaradır.
Korsanlar Mağarası, Alanya Kalesi’nin bulunduğu tarihi yarımadanın altında bir deniz mağarasıdır. Teknelerle gidilir. Yarımada çevresindeki tekne turlarında ilk mağaradır. 10 metre genişliğinde ve altı metre yüksekliğinde ağzı vardır. Küçük teknelerle mağaranın içine girilebilir. Tekne gezisi sırasında yüzerek de mağaraya girilir. Bir söylenceye göre mağaranın içinden kaleye çıkan gizli bir yol vardır ve antik çağın korsanları ganimetlerini bu yoldan yukarı çıkarır. Deniz dibindeki kayaların görüntüsü, mağaraya ayrı bir gizem katmaktadır.

Dim Çayı

Dim Çayı

Antalya'nın Alanya ilçesi sınırlarında yer alan, merkezden 6 kilometre uzaklıktaki çay. Toroslardan doğan çay yaklaşık 60 kilometrelik bir seyir izler. Bu seyrin son kısımlarına doğru Alanya ilçesinin turizminin hizmetine başlar. Yaz kış soğuk olan suyu özellikle yazın Akdeniz'in bunaltıcı sıcağından kaçmak isteyenler için ideal bir mekan teşkil eder. Paralel giden yola açılan pek çok lokanta ve çay bahçesi vardır. Ana yola yaklaşık 7-8 kilometre uzaklıktaki regülatörden sonra da bu lokantalar devam eder. Buradaki lokantaların ve piknik alanlarının bir bakıma ortak özelliği çay içine atılmış masalardır. Ancak mevcut baraj inşaatı nedeni ile çayın turistik amaçlı kullanımı gün be gün azalmaktadır. Çayın daha üst kısımları ise rafting amaçlı kullanılmaktadır.Ayrıca D.S.İ. tarafından bu çay üzerine sulama,içme suyu ve enerji amaçlı baraj inşaatı yapılmaktadır.

Damlataş Mağarası,Пещера Дамлаташ


Damlataş Mağarası, Antalya'nın Alanya ilçesinde bir mağaradır. Alanya şehir merkezine ve deniz kıyısında merkeze 3 kilometre uzaklıkta bulunmaktadır.
Toplam uzunluğu 30 metre olan mağara kuru, yatay mağara tipindedir. 200 metrelik bir alanı kaplamaktadır. Çok sayıda sarkıt ve dikitin eşsiz bir görüntü verdiği mağara 15 metre yüksekliktedir. Karbondioksit gazı, yüksek ölçüde nem, düşük ısı ve radyoaktif havasıyla astım hastaları için son derece yararlıdır. Bu nedenle astım hastaları mağaranın en yoğun ziyaretçi gruplarını oluştururlar.
Mağaradaki sarkıt ve dikitlerin M.Ö. 20.000-15.000 yılları arasında meydana geldiği sanılmaktadır.

Пещера Дамлаташ (тур. Damlataş — «пещера мокрых камней») находится рядом с г. Аланья, Турция, у западного подножья полуострова.
Температура в пещере постоянно держится на отметке +22…+23˚C, влажность составляет более 90 %. В пещере содержится довольно большое количество углерода с незначительной степенью радиоактивности.
На входе в пещеру узкий проход длиной 50 м, который выводит в цилиндрическую полость. Внутри пещеры можно увидеть фантастические образования разноцветных сталактитов и сталагмитов, возраст которых насчитывает 15 тысяч лет. Основное место их скопления — полость шириной 13-14 и высотой 15 метров.
Пещера была обнаружена в 1948 году во время работ по строительству порта. Посещение пещеры полезно для больных астмой. Анализы воздуха в пещере показали, что он содержит в 10-12 раз больше двуокиси углерода по сравнению с обычным воздухом, а влажность его - 95 %. Температура его - 22 градуса Цельсия. Целебным факторами также могут являться небольшая радиоактивность и ионизация воздуха.
Вход в пещеру платный. Перед пещерой находится пляж с небольшим рынком по соседству.

Alanya Kalesi-Alanya Castle




Antalya'nın ilçesi Alanya'nın simgelerinden biri olan kale.
SurAlanya Kalesi, denizden 250 metreye kadar yükselen yarımada üzerinde bulunur. Surlarının uzunluğu 6.5 kilometreyi bulur.
Kandeleri adıyla da bilinen Alanya yarımadasındaki yerleşim, Helenistik döneme kadar inmekle birlikte günümüze kalan tarihi dokusu 13. yüzyıl Selçuklu eseridir. Kale, 1221 yılında kenti alıp yeniden inşa ettiren Selçuklu Sultanı I. Alaeddin Keykubad tarafından yaptırılmıştır. Kalenin 83 kulesi ve 140 burcu vardır. Ortaçağda surların içine yerleşmiş kentin su gereksinimi sağlamak üzere 400'e yakın sarnıç yapılmıştır. Sarnıçların bir kısmı günümüzde de kullanılmaktadır. Surlar, planlı bir şekilde Ehmedek, İçkale, Adam Atacağı, Cilvarda burnu üstü, Arap Evliyası Burcu ve Esat Burcu'nu inerek Tophane ve Tersane'yi geçip Kızılkule'de son bulacak şekilde inşa edilmiştir.
Yarımadanın zirvesinde açık alan müzesi olarak değerlendirilen İçkale bulunmaktadır. Sultan Alaeddin Keykubad sarayını burada yaptırmıştır. Kalede yerleşim günümüzde de sürmektedir. Taşıt trafiğine açıktır. Yürüyerek ise yaklaşık 1 saatte çıkılabilir.

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12 Kasım 2007 Pazartesi

ALANYA




Alanya



is a seaside resort and district of Antalya Province in the Mediterranean region of Turkey, 74.6 miles (120 km) from the city of Antalya. The municipal district, which includes the city center, has close to 400,000 inhabitants. The population is almost entirely of Anatolian origin, but is home to almost 10,000 European residents, with a growing presence in the city and its economy.
Because of its natural strategic position on a small peninsula into the Mediterranean Sea below the Taurus Mountains, Alanya has been a local stronghold for many Mediterranean based empires, including the Ptolemaic, Roman, Byzantine, and Ottoman Empires. Alanya's greatest political importance came in the Middle Ages with the Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm under the rule of Alaeddin Kayqubad I, from whom the city derives its name. His building campaign resulted in many of the city's landmarks, such as the Kızıl Kule (Red Tower), Tersane (arsenal), and Alanya Castle.
The relatively moderate Mediterranean climate, natural attractions, and historic heritage makes Alanya a popular destination for tourists, and responsible for 9% of Turkey's tourism sector. Tourism has risen since 1958 to become the dominant industry in the city, resulting in a corresponding increase in city population. Mayor Hasan Sipahioğlu of the Motherland Party the has led the city since 1999



Names


The city has changed hands many times over the centuries, and its name has reflected this. Alanya was first known in Latin as Coracesium or in Greek as Korakesion from the Luwian Korakassa meaning "point/protruding city." Under the Byzantine Empire it become known as Kalonoros, or "beautiful mountain."The Seljuks renamed the city Alaiye a derivative of the name of the Sultan Alaeddin Kayqubad. In the 13th and 14th centuries, Italian traders called the city Candelore or Cardelloro. In his 1935 visit, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk finalized the name in the new alphabet as Alanya, changing the 'i' and 'e' in Alaiye, reportedly because of a misspelled telegram two years prior.



History


Though first fortified in the Hellenistic period following the area's conquest by Alexander the Great, the castle rock was likely inhabited under the Hittites and the Persian Empire.[5] Finds in the nearby Kadrini cave indicate occupation during the Paleolithic era as far back as 20,000 BC. A Phoenician language tablet found in the district dates to 625 BC, and the city is specifically mentioned in the 4th century BC Greek geography manuscript, the periplus of Pseudo-Scylax.[6] Alexander's successors left the area to Ptolemy I Soter after 323 BC. His dynasty maintained loose control over the mainly Isaurian population, and the port became a popular refuge for Mediterranean pirates.The city resisted Antiochus III the Great of the neighboring Seleucid kingdom in 199 BC, but was loyal to the pirate Diodotus Tryphon when he seized the Seleucid crown from 142 to 138 BC. His rival Antiochus VII Sidetes completed work on a new castle and port in 137 BC.
The Roman Republic fought Cilician pirates in 102 BC, when Marcus Antonius the Orator established a proconsulship in nearby Side, and in 78 BC under Servilius Vatia, who moved on the Isaurian tribes.The period of piracy in Alanya finally ended after the city's incorporation into the Pamphylia province by Pompey in 67 BC, with the Battle of Korakesion fought in the city's harbor.After the Roman Empire's collapse and split, the city remained under Byzantine influence, becoming a suffragan of Side, in the metropolis of Pamphylia Prima. Islam arrived in the 7th century with Arab raids, which led to the construction of new fortifications.681 marked the end of a bishopric in Alanya.The area fell from Byzantine control after the Battle of Manzikert in 1071 to tribes of Seljuk Turks, only to be returned in 1120 by John II Komnenos.
Following the Fourth Crusade, the Christian Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia periodically held the port, and it was from an Armenian, Kir Fard, that Muslims took lasting control in 1221 when the Anatolian Seljuk Sultan Alaeddin Kayqubad exchanged governance of the city of Akşehir for it.

Seljuk rule saw the golden age of the city, and it can be considered the winter capital of their empire.Building projects, including the twin citadel, city walls, arsenal, and Red Tower, made it an important seaport for western Mediterranean trade, particularly with Ayyubid Egypt and the Italian city-states.Kayqubad also constructed numerous gardens and pavilions outside the walls, and many of his works can still be found in the city. These were likely financed by his own treasury and by the local emirs', and constructed by the contractor Abu 'Ali al-Kattani al-Halabi.Kayqubad's son, Sultan Gıyaseddin Keyhüsrev II, continued the building campaign with a new cistern in 1240.
At the Battle of Köse Dağ in 1242, the Mongol hordes broke the Seljuk hegemony in Anatolia. Alanya was then subject to a series of invasions from Anatolian Turkish Beyliks. In 1293, the Karamanoğlu dynasty took control after Mecdüddin Mahmud conquered the city, but their rule was intermittent.Lusignans from the Cyprus briefly overturned the then ruling Hamidoğlu Beylik in 1371.The Karamanoğlu sold the city in 1427 for five thousand gold coins to the Mamluks of Egypt for a period before the general Gedik Ahmed Pasha in 1471 incorporated it into the growing Ottoman Empire. The Ottomans extended their rule in 1477 when they brought the main shipping trade, lumber, then mostly done by Venetians, under the government monopoly.On September 6, 1608, the city rebuffed an attack by the Order of Saint Stephen from the Republic of Venice.
Byzantine era church built inside Alanya CastleIn 1571 the Ottomans designated the city part of the newly conquered province of Cyprus, in 1864 under Konya, and in 1868 under Antalya, as it is today.During the 18th and 19th centuries numerous villas were built in the city by Ottoman nobility. After World War I, Alanya was nominally partitioned in the 1917 Agreement of St.-Jean-de-Maurienne to Italy, before returning to the Turkish Republic in 1923 under the Treaty of Lausanne.Like most in this region, the city suffered heavily following the war and the population exchanges that heralded the Turkish Republic, when many of the city's Christians resettled in Nea Ionia, outside Athens. The Ottoman census of 1893 listed the number of Greeks in the city at 964 out of a total population of 37,914.
Tourism in the region started among Turks who came to Alanya in the 1960s for the alleged healing properties of Damlataş Cave, and later the access provided by Antalya Airport in 1998 allowed the town to grow into an international resort. Strong population growth through the 1990s was a result of immigration to the city, and has driven a rapid modernization of the infrastructure


Geography

Located on the Gulf of Antalya on the Anatolian coastal plain of Pamphylia, the town is situated between the Taurus Mountains to the north and the Mediterranean Sea, and is part of the Turkish riviera, occupying roughly 43.5 miles (70 km) of coastline.[21] The Pamphylia plain between the sea and the mountains is an isolated example of an Eastern Mediterranean conifer-sclerophyllous-broadleaf forest.[22] The town is divided east-west by a rocky peninsula, which is the distinctive feature of the city. The harbor, city center, and Keykubat Beach, named for Sultan Kayqubad, are on the east side of the peninsula. Damlataş Beach, named for the famous "dripping caves," and Cleopatra Beach are to the west. The name Cleopatra Beach possibly derives from either the Ptolemaic princess' visit here or the area's inclusion in her dowry from Mark Antony.
Atatürk Bulvarı, the main boulevard, runs parallel to the sea, and divides the southern, much more touristic side of Alanya from the northern, more native side, that extends north into the mountains. Çevre Yolu Caddesi, another major road, encircles the main town to the north.



Climate


Alanya has a relatively moderate continental Mediterranean climate. The Mediterranean Basin ensures that most rain comes during the winter, leaving the summers long, hot, and dry, prompting the Alanya board of Tourism to use the slogan "where the sun smiles." Storm cells sometime bring with them fair weather waterspouts when close to the shore. The presence of the Taurus Mountain in close proximity to the sea causes fog, in turn creating visible rainbows many mornings. The height of the mountains creates an interesting effect as snow can often be seen on them even on hot days in the city below. The sea at Alanya has an average temperature of 70.5°F (21.4°C) annually, with an average August temperature of 82.2°F (27.9°C).



Architecture

The Seljuk era Tersane was a drydock for shipsOn the peninsula stands Alanya Castle, a Seljuk era citadel dating from 1226. Most major landmarks in the city are found inside and around the castle. The current castle was built over existing fortifications and served the double purpose of a palace of local government and as a defensive structure in case of attack. The city is currently renovating various sections of the castle area, including a Byzantine church, which is intended to be used for a Christian community center.Inside the castle is the Süleymaniye mosque and caravanserai, built by Suleiman the Magnificent. The old city walls surround much of the eastern peninsula, and can be walked. Inside the walls are numerous historic villas, well preserved examples of the classical period of Ottoman architecture, most built in the early 19th century.


The Kızıl Kule (Red Tower) is another well-known building in Alanya. The 108 foot (33 m) high brick building stands at the harbor below the castle, and contains the municipal ethnographic museum. Sultan Alaeddin Kayqubad I brought the accomplished architect Ebu Ali from Aleppo, Syria to Alanya to design the building.The last of Alanya Castle's 83 towers, the octagonal structure specifically protected the Tersane (arsenal), it remains one of the finest examples of medieval military architecture.The Tersane, a medieval drydock built by the Seljuk Turks in 1221, 187 by 131 feet (57 by 40 m), is divided into five vaulted bays with equilateral pointed arches.


Atatürk's House and Museum, from his short stay in the city on February 18, 1935 is preserved in its historic state and is a good example of the interior of a traditional Ottoman villa, with artifacts from the 1930s. The house was built between 1880 and 1885 in the "karniyarik" (stuffed eggplant) style. Bright colors and red roofs are often mandated by neighborhood councils, and give the modern town a pastel glow. Housed in a 1967 Republican era building, The Alanya Museum is inland from Damlataşh Beach, and home to archaeology found in and around the city as well as historic copies of the Qur'an.With its rich architectural heritage, Alanya is a member of the Norwich-based European Association of Historic Towns and Regions




Demographics


From only 87,080 in 1985, the district has surged to currently hold a population of 384,949. The city itself has a population of 134,396, of which 9,789 are European expatriates, about half of them from Germany and Denmark.The European expatriate population tends to be over 50 years old.During the summer the population increases due to large numbers of tourists, about 1.1 million each year pass through the city.Both Turks and Europeans, these vacationers provide income for much of the population. The city is home to many migrants from the Southeastern Anatolia Region and the Black Sea region. In the 2000s, the town has seen a surge in illegal foreign immigrants from the Middle East and South Asia, both to stay and to attempt to enter European Union countries.Currently 1,217 migrants claim residence in Alanya while working abroad.
The town is near 99% Muslim, and although many ancient churches can be found in the city, there are no regular Christian services. In 2006, a German language protestant church with seasonal service opened with much fanfare, after receiving permission to do so in 2003, a sign of the growing European population in the city.Israeli tourists, often from cruise ships, constitute the Jewish population. These are occasionally the targets of discrimination, particularly at times of high tension, such as the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict, when a shopkeeper denied Israelis entry



Education


The city boasts 95% literacy, with public, private, and Imam Hatip schools, and a roughly 1:24 student-teacher ratio.Rural villages are however disadvantaged by the limited number of secondary schools outside of the city center. In 2005, Akdeniz University of Antalya launched the Alanya Faculty of Business, as a satellite campus which focuses on the tourism industry.Georgetown University operates an annual study abroad program for American students known as the McGhee Center for Eastern Mediterranean Studies, named for the United States Ambassador to Turkey from 1952-1953 George C. McGhee, and based in his villa.



Government


Alanya was set up as a municipality in 1872, electing its first mayor in 1901. Today, Alanya is governed by a mayor and a municipality council made up of twenty-five members; thirteen are from the centre-right Motherland Party, which has maintained local loyalty despite its national disintegration, six members are of the current government's Justice and Development Party, three members of the centre-left Republican People's Party, two of the other centre-right True Path Party, and one independent. Mayor Hasan Sipahioğlu is also of the Motherland Party. Elections are held every five years, with the next to be held in 2009.
Alanya District is divided up into 17 municipalities, including the city center, and 92 villages.Alanya is greatly influenced by the provincial government in Antalya, and the federal government in Ankara, which appoints a governor for the district, currently Dr. Hulusi Doğan.Though Alanya has been part of Antalya Province since the Ottoman Empire, many local politicians have advocated an separate Alanya Province. Nationally, in the 2007 election, the province voted with the Justice and Development Party, who were followed closely by both the Republican People's Party and the True Path Party.Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu, of the Justice and Development Party, is the only native Alanyalilar Member of Parliament representing Antalya Province in the Grand National Assembly, where he chairs the Committee on Migration, Refugees and Population.



Economy

The tourist industry in Alanya is worth just under 1.1 billion euros, and is therefore the principal industry.The area is further known for its many fruit farms, particularly lemons and oranges, and large harvests of tomatoes, bananas and cucumbers.Despite the location, few residents make their living on the sea, and fishing is not a major industry. In the early 1970s, when fish stocks ran low, a system of rotating access was developed to preserve this sector.



Tourism


Shop lined Keykubat CaddesiSince the first modern motel was built in 1958, considered the first year of the tourist industry in Alanya, hotels have raced to accommodate the influx of tourists, and the city now claims 157,000 hotel beds.Damlataş Cave, which originally sparked the arrival of outsiders because of the cave's microclimate, with an average temperature of 72 °F (22 °C) and 95% humidity, is accessible on the west side of the peninsula with trails from Damlataş Beach.Many tourists, especially Scandinavians, Germans, Russians, and Dutch, now regularly vacation in Alanya during the warmer months.They are drawn to the area because of property prices, warm weather, sandy beaches, access to Antalya's historic sites, and fine cuisine.Damlataş Cave is on of a number of other caves marketed for tourism. Activities include wind surfing, parasailing, banana boating and Turkey's largest go-kart track.
Beginning in 2003, with the provisional elimination of restrictions on land purchases by non-nationals, the housing industry in the city has become highly profitable with many new private homes and condominiums being built for European and Asian part-time residents.This in turn has put pressure on the city's many gecekondu houses and establishments as property values rise and property sales to locals fall.A height restriction in the city limits most buildings to 21 feet (6.5 m).This keeps high rise hotels to the east and west of the city, preserving the central skyline at the expense of greater tourist potential. The fringes of the city however have seen uncontrolled expansion.
For various reasons, the 2006 tourist season was disappointing for Alanya's industry. Among the reasons blamed were increased PKK violence, the H5N1 bird flu found in Van, and the Mohammad cartoon controversy.[53] Alanya officials responded with a variety of publicity iniatives, including baking the worlds longest cake on April 26, 2006, now a Guinness World Record.



Transportation


The D400 Turkish Highway connects Alanya from the east and west, and runs through the city center as Atatürk Bulvarı. Antalya Airport, is 75 miles (120 km) away and connects internationally. The still unopened local Antalya Gazipaşa Airport, completed in 1999, is only 9 miles (15 km) from the city, and is currently constructing an international terminal.The international terminal will be completed by mid-2008. There are bus and dolmuş systems out of Alanya's two bus depots, but buses are usually limited to the major roads, and inside the city transportation is by car, taxi, or foot, as many roads in the old town are closed to traffic. The harbor includes cruise ship piers, and also seasonal ferries and hydrofoils depart for Kyrenia in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.
Sports Womens teams in the 2006 beach volleyball tournamentAlanya is home to a woman's basketball team, Alanya Belediye, which started in the first division but was relegated after the 2002 season. The city hosts a second level soccer team, Alanyaspor, though soccer fans in the city are mostly divided between the three major Istanbul teams. The city is currently constructing a new soccer facility with the intention of hosting winter competitions between major teams.
Alanya is perhaps more famous for the annual triathlon, part of the World Triathlon Series, held every October, and for the city's role as host of The Turkish Open, part of the Nestea European Beach Volleyball championship tour, which takes place in May.In 2007, the Turkish Volleyball Federation persuaded the European Volleyball Confederation to build a beach volleyball training facility in Alanya, and make it the exclusive "center of beach volleyball in Europe."The city is also a frequent host to national events, such as the annual beach handball tournament, and the finish of the seven day Presidency Cycling Tour of Turkey


Sister cities


Since making agreements with Talsi, Trakai, and Keszthely in 2006, Alanya increased its number of sister cities to eight, seven of which are located within the European Union. Previously in 2005 Alanya had applied with Sister Cities International for an additional sister city located in the United States.Sister citiesThe most significant tie is with the city of Nea Ionia, where many of Alanya's Christians were resettled in 1923 after the Treaty of Lausanne. Gladbeck, Wodzisław Śląski, Schwechat, Fushun, and Alanya form a "family" in that each is partnered with the others.
Nea Ionia, Greece Gladbeck, Germany Wodzisław Śląski, Poland Schwechat, Austria Fushun, China Talsi, Latvia Trakai, Lithuania Keszthely, Hungary




Alanya


Antik çağlarda korsanlara, Bizans döneminde derebeylerin ev sahipliği yapmış ve nihayet Anadolu Selçukluları döneminde de başkentliğe yükselmiş ender güzellikteki tarihi bir şehirdir. Alanya antik çağda Pamfilya ile Klikya arasında yer almıştır. Heradot’a göre bu bölgenin insanları Truva savaşı sonrası Anadoluya dağılan insanların soyundan gelir. Yapılan araştırmalarda (Kadıini Mağarası-1957) ilk yerleşimin günümüzden 20 bin yıl öncesine üst paleotik döneme kadar uzandığı anlaşılmıştır. Tarihte bilinen ilk adı Coracesium ’dur. M.Ö.4.yüzyılda Persler’in istilası altındadır. Daha sonra korsanların barınağı olmuştur. M.Ö.139 yılında Seleki kralı kenti istila etse de korsanların barınağı olmaktan kurtulamamıştır.M.Ö.65 yılında Romalı komutan Magnus Pompeius tarafından Roma İmparatorluğu topraklarına katılan şehir, Roma’nın çöküşü ile Bizans döneminde adı da “güzel dağ” anlamında Kalonoros olur.
1204 yılında Haçlı orduları’nın İstanbul’da Latin İmparatorluğu’nu kurması üzerine Anadoluda bir otorite boşluğu doğmuştur. Bir derebeyi olan Kyr Vart Kalonoros’ta hakimiyeti sağlamıştır. Kent, 1221 yılında Anadolu Selçuklu Sultanı Alaaddin Keykubat tarafından ele geçirilmiştir. Sultan Alaaddin Keykubat derebeyi Kyr Vart’ın kızıyla evlenerek kenti yeniletmiş ve kışlık başkent yapmıştır. Kentin adını da Alaiye olarak değiştirmiştir. Alaaddin Keykubat döneminde şehir en parlak günlerini yaşar. Bu günkü kale, tersane ve hala ayakta duran yapıların birçoğu o dönemdendir.
1300 yılında Anadolu Selçukluları’nın dağılması sonucu şehir Karamanoğlu Beyliği’nin egemenliğine girer. Konya merkezli Karamanoğulları, 1427 yılında şehri 5 bin altın karşılığı Mısır Memluk Sultanlığı’na satar. Nihayet Anadoluda birliğin sağlanması ve Osmanlı Beyliği’nin öne çıkması ile Alaiye, 1471 yılında Fatih Sultan Mehmet’in komutanlarından Gedik Ahmet Paşa tarafından Osmanlı Devleti topraklarına dahil edilir. Osmanlı İmparatorluğu döneminde Alaiye, önce Kıbrıs eyaletine bağlanır(1571), ardından Konya Vilayetinin sancağı yapılır (1864), sonra Antalya sancağına (1868) ve nihayet 1871 yılında da Antalya’nın ilçesi yapılır.
Cumhuriyetle birlikte Mustafa Kemal’in önerisi ile Alanya adını alır.



Görülmesi Gereken Yerler :


Alanya Kalesi, Kaleiçi, Süleymaniye Camii ve Kervansaray. Kızıl Kule, 33 metre yüksekliğinde kırmızı tuğladan yapılmış bu güzel altıgen Selçuklu yapısı içinde bir de Etnoğrafya müzesi var. Selçuklu Tersanesi Damlataş Mağrası, ortalama sıcaklık 22°C ve %96 nem oranı. Dim Mağarası, 350 metre uzunluğunda. Dim çayı Fosforlu Mağara Korsanlar Mağarası Alanya Yaylası Andızlı Camii Alanya Süleymaniye Camii


Nüfus

Alanya nüfusu her geçen gün artmaktadır. 1980'li yıllarda 30.000 insanın yaşadığı ilçede yoğun yurt içi ve yurt dışı göçler sonucu günümüzde tam olarak 134.396 kişi şehir merkezinde beldelerde toplamda ise 258.563 kişi yaşamaktadır.
Avrupa vatandaşlarının gözdesi olan şehirde büyük çoğu yaşlı ve emekli 10.000 Avrupalı yaşamaktadır.
Bazı istatistiki bilgiler aşağıdadır:
Belediye sayısı :17

Bin kişiye düşen taşıt sayısı:150

Okul sayısı :143

Öğretmen sayısı :1.629

Öğrenci sayısı :39.710

Müze sayısı :4

Hastane sayısı :6

Doktor sayısı :138

Telefon abonesi :85.850

Yerel günlük gazete :10

Yerel televizyon kanalı :2

Yerel radyo istasyonu :8
İlçenin nüfusu 2000 genel nüfus sayımına göre 257.671'dir. Bunun 88.346'si ilçe merkezinde, 169.325'i ise kasaba ve köylerde yaşamaktadır.
İlçe bağlısı olarak merkez hariç olmak üzere ilçe merkezine bağlı; Demirtaş,kargıcak,mahmutlar,kestel,tosmur,oba,çıblaklı,cikcilli,konaklı,emişbeleni,güzelbağ,payallar,türkler,avsallar,incekum(eski adı :yeşilköy),okurcalardan oluşmaktadır.


Ekonomi

Şehrin ekonomisi tamamen tarım ve turizme dayalıdır. Hizmet sektörü iyi gelişmiştir.Üretilen hizmet ve malların tamamına yakının tüketimi, çevrede bulunan turistik otellerde gerçekleşmektedir.


Alanya, ülke turizminde önemli paya sahiptir. 1980'li yıllarda başlayan turizm atılımı sayesinde şehir, bu günkü halini almıştır.ilk başlarda apart otellerin yoğun olduğu ilçede, günümüzde 1.000 kişi kapasiteli tesislerden 3.500 kişi kapasiteli devasa tesislere kadar pek çok çeşit ve türde turistik tesis mevcuttur. 2004 verilerine göre Alanya'da turizm hareketi:
Turistik konaklama tesisi :748

Turistik yatak sayısı :133.361

Gelen yabancı turist :1.133.616

Turistik geceleme sayısı :11.030.085

Ortalama doluluk oranı :% 88.3

Toplam turizm geliri :1.098.473.904 dolar

Türkiye'nin turizm gelirlerinde Alanya'nın payı :% 9.64



Tarım


Alanya MuzuSeracılık ve narenciye üretimi bölgenin tropikal ikliminden dolayı son derece gelişmiş tekniklerle yapılmaktadır. Üretilen ürünlerin bir kısmı sadece Alanya'ya hastır. Bunların başında avokado ve muz gelir.Alanya muzu ithal muzların yarı ebadında ve daha tatlı olur. Alanya Ticaret ve Sanayi Odası'nın 2004 verilerine göre üretilen bazı ürünlerin verileri:


Yıllık muz üretimi :4.318.365 kilo

Yıllık portakal üretimi :6.283.114 kilo

Yıllık muşmula üretimi :2.060.636 kilo

Yıllık mandalina üretimi :950.465 kilo

Yıllık limon üretimi :2.626.988 kilo

Yıllık domates üretimi :26.500.882 kilo

Yıllık salatalık üretimi :88.257.721 kilo

Yıllık sebze-meyve geliri :37.908.836.13 YTL

Yıllık deniz ürünleri üretimi :260.470 kilo


Coğrafya ve iklim


Keykubat Caddesi AlanyaAlanya, hemen yanı başında yükselen Batı Toroslar diğer tarafta ise Akdeniz ile çevrilmiş bir yarım ada üzerindedir. Toroslarda çam ve sedir ağaçları mevcuttur.Bölge her mevsim yeşildir. Portakal ağaçları, muz bahçelerini onlarıda Yeni Dünya bahçeleri takip eder. Kent çevresi adeta mağaralarla çevrilidir. Karada Dim mağarası, damlataş mağarası; deniz de de korsanlar mağarası ve fosforlu mağaralar insanı cezbeder. Alanya 70 km.lik sahili boyunca denize girlebilen bir yerdir.
Alanya yerlisi yazları yaylaya çıkarlar.Geçmişte keçi kılından çadırlarda kalınırken günümüzde lüks komnutlar yaylada yerlerini almıştır. Alanya'da bir saatlik yolculuktan sonra varılan yaylada kavurucu sıcakların yerini serin ve bol oksijenli hava alır. Bu gün yaylalar Alanyalılar ve turistler için bir nefes alma yerleri haline gelmiştir.



Piknik Alanları


Dim Çayı Oba Çayı Türbelinans Yaylası Gedevet Yaylası Söğüt Yaylası Dereköy Yaylası Gölbeleni Yaylası(Tosmur'a ait) Söbübiçen Yaylası Gökbel Yaylası
Sıcaklık Verileri


Spor


Yunan ve Ukrayna bayan takımlarının maçı, 2006 Avrupa ŞampiyonasıAlanya’nın spor dünyasındaki en önemli başarılı organizasyonu olan triatlon[1] her yıl Ekim ayında ikinci haftası Keykubat Plajı'nda başlayıp limanda son bulur. Ayrıca diğer bir uluslar arası organizasyonda Avrupa Plaj Voleybol turnuvasıdır. Dünyaca meşhur Cleopatra (Damlataş) Plajında Nestle[2].'nin sponsorluğunda yapılmaktadır. Alanya Belediyesi'ne ait bir bayan basketbol takımı vardır. Alanyaspor futbol takımı, ikinci lig B kategorisinde mücadele etmektedir. İlçenin değişik özel ve kamuya açık bölgelerinde amatör olarak futbol,basketbol,tenis,voleybol gibi sporların yapılabileceği açık hava tesisleri mevcuttur. Ayrıca şehir merkezinde iskeleye yakın bölgede kaykay,paten ve BMX sporlarının yapılabileceği geniş ve düzgün zemine sahip festival ve organizasyon alanı mevcuttur


Kardeş şehirler


Gladbeck, Almanya

Wodzisław Śląski, Polonya

Schwechat, Avusturya

Fushun Çin

Nea Ionia, Yunanistan

Talsi - Latvia

Trakai - Litvanya

Keszthely – Macaristan
alanya bild
Alanya ist ein Bezirksstadt von Antalya und befindet sich 135 km östlich von Antalya. Im Osten liegt der Bezirksort Gazipasa und im Westen Manavgat/Side. "Perle der Türkischen Riviera" wird Alanya genannt und wurde weltberühmt durch die kilometerlangen, feinsandigen und sauberen Strände, dem kristallklaren Meerwasser und das milde Mittelmeerklima. Die geschichtsträchtige Vergangenheit, die vielen Natursehenswürdigkeiten und die multikulturelle Lebensart machen Alanya zu einem besonderen Erlebnis. Durch die vielen Land- und Wassersportarten, dem bunten Bazartreiben und dem fröhlichen Nachtleben wurde Alanya bei den einheimischen und europäischen Urlaubern zum beliebtesten Ferienort an der Türkischen Riviera.

Die ersten Ansiedlungen gehen bis in vorchristliche Zeiten zurück, welche wir unter Geschichte beschrieben haben. Vor der Entdeckung des Tourismus lebten die Einheimischen „Yörük" (Nomadenstämme) von der Landwirtschaft, der Fischerei und der Viehzucht. Den Winter verbrachten sie im milden Alanya und im Sommer zogen sie mit ihren Herden auf die Almen des Taurusgebirges. Mit der Entwicklung des Tourismus sind sie heute sesshaft geworden und nehmen durch zahlreiche Hotels und Boutiquen am Geschäftsleben teil.
Die heutige Bevölkerungstruktur hat Alanya innerhalb der letzten 15 Jahre zu einer europäischen und multikulturellen Stadt gemacht. Mit dem Aufbau des Tourismus haben sich zuerst die Geschäftsleute aus Istanbul, Ankara, Izmir und anderen Städten niedergelassen und die ersten Hotels und Geschäfte eröffnet. Dann kamen die im Ausland lebenden Türken zurück, haben ihre Ersparnisse in Tourismusinvestitionen angelegt und somit zur Bekanntheit von Alanya in Europa beigetragen.
Mit dem Aufbau der Infrastruktur, dem Gesundheitswesen, moderne Hotels, Pensionen, Häuser und Geschäften begann der erste Erwerb von Ferienwohnungen durch die Europäer. Bis heute wurden in Alanya über 10.000 Wohnungen von Europäern (überwiegend von Deutschen - ca. 6.500) gekauft und zum grössten Teil leben sie als unsere neuen, einheimischen Freunde ständig hier in Alanya. Alanya wird in der Türkei scherzhaft als der von Europäer eroberte und befreite türkische Ferienort genannt.
Die Beliebtheit Alanyas, von Einheimischen und Europäern, beruht auf der besonderen Eigenschaft der touristischen Einrichtungen, der Hotels und der Strände. Die kilometerlangen Strände sind für jeden offen zugänglich. Auch die Hotels sind nicht wie in andere Ferienorte, Bettensilos für Massentourismus hinter Mauern und Zäunen, sondern haben eine 50-100 Zimmerkapazität, sind komfortabel und sehr fein. Sie befinden sich entlang der Strände oder liegen im Zentrum verteilt und werden in familiärer Atmosphäre professionell geführt. Entdecken Sie die Geschichte, Natur und Kultur von Alanya. Erleben Sie die türkische Gastfreundschaft in familiärer Atmosphäre.
Kulturhistorische Gebiete
Auf den Spitzen der Kandeler, mit der Ruhe des Überlebens von mehreren Jahrhunderten, ist die Burg von Alanya die einzige uns erhaltene Burg von den Seldjukken. In 1225 wurde die Burg vom anatolischen Seldjukken Sultan Alaadin Keykubat neu aufgebaut, anstatt die Ruinen der alten Burg von den Römern aufzubessern.
Den richtigen Wert bekam es von dem Adligen der Alaiye Zeit und wurde später besetzt von dem Osmanen im Jahre 1471.Aufgebaut aus Innen- und Aussenbereichen umringt von drei Wällen, hat es 83 Türme und 140 Kuppeln. Die Burg ist ein geschichtliches Reichtum mit seiner Ayayorgi Kirche, Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Moschee, Akşabe Sultan Mausoleum, Seldjukken Dampfbad, Marktlager, Antiquitäten Bazaar, Sitti Zeynep Mausoleum, Sultan Alaaddin Schloss, grosse und kleine Wälle, Leuchtturm, "Mann Werfer" und Kerker zusammen.
Der Turm wurde da gebaut wo die Küstenmauern, welche die Festung der Küste entlang umgeben, und die Nordmauern zusammentreffen. Von den Inschriften erfuhr man, das in den Jahren 1225-1227 der Architekt Kettanizade Ebu Ali von Allaaddin Keykubat I. mit dieser Konstruktion beauftragt wurde. Der achteckige Turm hat einen Durchmesser von 29 m und eine Höhe von 33 m. Das anspruchslose Aussehen der Aussenseite geht im Innern auf einen mit 5 Stockwerke angelegten komplizierten Plan über. Der mittlere Abschnitt der Burg, welcher vom Erdgeschoss bis zum 4. Stock geht, bildet den Angelpunkt des Turmes und wurde gleichzeitig als Zisterne genutzt. Die Turmmauern hat man bei den ersten beiden Stockwerken mit Kieselsteinen gebaut und dann in ordentlichen Reihen mit rechteckigen Klötzen verziert. Das Oberteil ist mit rötlichen Ziegelsteinen gemauert, durch deren Farbe der Turm seinen Namen bekam. Die Burg wurde von 1951-1957 restauriert.
150 m südlich zur Kizilburg steht die einzige erhaltene Werft der Seldschuken. Dieses 57 m langes und 40 m breites Bauwerk besteht aus fünf bogenförmigen gedeckten Räume, welche durch Zwischenmauern getrennt sind. Diese Räume sind jeweils mit vier konischen Arkadenportalen verbunden. In die Werft gelangt man durch eine Tür auf der Seite der Kizilburg. Der Türinschrift nach hat sie 1227 der Sultan Alaaddin Keykubat gebaut. Das Zimmer rechts der Türe wurde von den Werftarbeitern zum Gebet benutzt und der helle Raum auf der linke Seite diente als Büro.
Die zweistöckige Burg im Süden der Werft hat man als Schutz gegen mögliche Angriffe vom Meer und der Landseite gebaut. Diese "Tophane" genannte Burg ist rechteckig geplant, 19 m hoch und steht auf einem Felsen. Von den Räumen im Erdgeschoss gehen die Fenster mit Blick zum Meer und zum Land, während die obere Etage einen anderen Blickwinkel hat. Die Zisterne, welche für den Durst der Wachposten diente, ist heute noch benutzbar.

Die Geschichte von Alanya
Bei den Forschungen in der Kadrinihöhle, die sich im Nordosten von Alanya befindet, wurden menschliche Werkzeuge und Gerippe gefunden. Dies beweist uns, das Alanya eine Bevölkerung schon in dunkler Zeit hatte.

Die Hethiter nahmen Pamphylien und Kilikien in der ersten Hälfte des XIV. Jahrhunderts v. Chr. ein. Pamphylien, das die Bedeutung "vielartig, vielrassig" hat, erweckte das Interesse vieler Zivilisationen der vergangenen Zeit. Die alte Stadt, dort wo sich jetzt das neue Alanya befindet, nannte man "Caracesium". Diese antike Stadt zählte man abwechselnd zum Gebiet von Pamphylien oder Kilikien. Die gute geographische Lage und der ausgezeichnete Hafen machten aus diesem Ort, fast zu jeder Zeit, einem idealen Zufluchtsort für Piraten und Rebellen. Aus diesem Grund war es nur diese Stadt, die gegen Antiochus III beharrte. Ein halbes Jahrhundert später trat einer der örtlichen Fürsten, Diodotos Trophon, auf gleiche Weise gegen Antiochus VII an.
Im ersten Jahrhundert v.Chr. brachten die Aktivitäten der Piraten im Mittelmeerraum das römische Reich, in diplomatischer und wirtschaftlicher Hinsicht, in eine kritische Lage. Die Piraten raubten sogar die Getreideschiffe, welche nach Rom gesandt wurden und Rom leidete an einer Hungersnot. Obwohl Publius Servilius (78 v.Chr.) nach Kilikien gesandt wurde und gegen die Piraten mehrere Feldzüge organisierte, erreichte auch er keine Resultate. Der vom römischen Senat beauftragte Pompeius riß erst im Jahr 65 v.Chr. alle Piratenfestungen nieder. Als letztes wurde während einer Seeschlacht vor Caracesium die Piratenflotte zerstört. Die Römer, die Herrscher dieses Gebietes gaben, nach dem Tod Cäsars, die Verwaltung Kilikias an Antonius. Dieser übergab Caracesium als Hochzeitsgeschenk an die ägyptische Königin Kleopatra. Es ist bekannt, dass Kleopatra die Zedernbäume, welche bis an den Strand führten, nach Ägypten zum Schiffsbau transportierte.
In Caracesium ist heute über die Situation der frühen Christenzeit und der byzantinischen Epoche fast nichts mehr bekannt. Möglicherweise wurde Caracesium und die anderen Nachbarstädte in Pamphylia zum Christentum bekehrt. Die Kirchen auf den Festungen gehören zu dieser Zeit. Während dieser Periode änderte man den Namen der Stadt und nannte sie "Kolonoros", was soviel wie "hübscher Berg" bedeutet.
Nachdem die Seldschuken Antalya eroberten, fanden sie heraus, dass eine Herrschaft über das Mittelmeer nur nach der Eroberung von "Kolonoros" möglich ist. Nachdem Alaaddin Keykubat I Herrscher wurde, schloß er als erstes ein Abkommen mit Lord Kir Fart für die Übergabe der Festung Alanya, die von großer strategischer Bedeutung war, und gab ihr den Namen "Alaiye". Die Nähe zur Hauptstadt der Seldschuken, Konya, trug zur schnellen Entwicklung der Hafenstadt bei, welche von Alaaddin aufgebaut wurde. Da der Sultan den Sommer in Konya und den Winter in Alaiye verbrachte, kam es dazu, dass er sich mit Bautätigkeiten beschäftigte und so die Stadt mit prächtigen Bauwerken ausstattete, welche wir noch heute mit Begeisterung betrachten. Alanya ist heute noch eine der besterhaltensten Seldschukenstädte. Alaiye wurde nach dem Zerfall des Seldschukenreiches, in der Mitte des XIII. Jahrhunderts von "Karamanogullari" erobert. Alaiyes Eroberung durch die Ottomanen wurde zur Zeit von Fatih Sultan Mehmet verwirklicht. Infolge der Änderung der Handelswege und des Wachstums des ottomanischen Reiches verlor Alaiye seine alte Bedeutung.

Den heutigen Namen Alanya erhielt die Stadt 1933 von dem Staatsmann Kemal Atatürk. Alanya, das in der Geschichte viele Zivilisationen empfangen hat, ist sehenswert durch die antiken Festungen, Ruinen, den prächtigen Moscheen, der Werft und vieles mehr.